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Broadcasting

07. Cable TV Systems

07. Cable TV Systems

7.1 Introduction Cable Television (CATV) was initially introduced for the benefit of communities living in shadow zones and in areas that were beyond the range of broadcast transmitters. However, with the advent of satellite television, reception of signals form a large number of TV stations located farther away have become possible. Cable TV has now expanded into a multi channel system with the availability of a large frequency spectrum. Modern cable networks have provisions for two way interactive communication with computer base data to provide services like interactive TV, pay TV etc. 7.2 Cable Signal Sources It is essential for…
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06. Transmission Systems

06. Transmission Systems

6.1 Introduction Transmission is the process of dissemination of broadcast Radio and television. For this, Raw materials in the form of pre-recorded packages such as films, programmes and commercials are delivered to the operational centre and then sequenced together in a pre-defined method and delivered to the listener's and viewers. Normally, the requirements for a broadcaster in the transmission are: A frequency license to broadcast A right to broadcast the material Commercial agreements covering the transmission of advertisements or other promotional material. Published programme guides or programme schedule. Broadcasters utilize part of the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit their signals. A…
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05. Outside Broadcasting and Links

05. Outside Broadcasting and Links

5.1 Remote Broadcasting Remote broadcasting covers production in, or acquisition of program material from locations away from the studio center. News is an important part of radio and television broadcasting, and television, in particular, relies greatly on production that takes place outside the studio, for sports, music events, and drama production. Bringing outdoor events into the living room of the viewer is becoming more and more common. In order to record these events, the outside broadcast or OB vehicle with communication link is used. Remote broadcasting can be categorized, normally, in two ways: 1. Remote News Gathering and 2. Remote…
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04. TV Studio and Production Systems

04. TV Studio and Production Systems

Television is defined as the electronic delivery of moving images and sound from the source to the receiver. Generally, television station facilities resemble that of radio station and consist of studio and transmitter areas. The studio workspace can be divided as follows: the studio, the control room, post-production and master control. 4.1 Studio Characteristics The studio is the large space where the set for for a television program is located. For a news program, the anchors deliver the newscast live from an anchor desk to the viewers. Normally, studios contain more than one set for different programs. The studio will…
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03. Radio Studio and Production Systems

03. Radio Studio and Production Systems

3.1 Radio Studios        A radio station produces on air programs with one or more live presenters and guests in a studio at the station, playing music and other program segments from various devices, and taking phone calls on the air. When needed, the On-Air studio operator also selects another studio in the building or selects a feed from a remote source and integrates that source into the on-air program. Nowadays, the process is largely automated, and whole programs may be broadcast without the intervention of a live presenter. 3.1.1 Studio Characteristics        The audio production studio is a physical…
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02. Basics of Broadcasting

02. Basics of Broadcasting

2.1 Types of Radio Broadcasting Broadly speaking, Broadcasting means electronic transmission of radio and television signals that are intended for general public reception. It is also known as the systematic dissemination of entertainment, information, educational programming and other features for simultaneous reception by a scattered audience with appropriate receiving apparatus. Broadcasts may be audible only, as in radio, or visual or a combination of both, as in television. Sound broadcasting is said to have started in 1920s, while television broadcasting began in the 1930s. With the advent of cable television in the early 1950s and the use of satellites for…
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01. Principles of Sound and Vision

1.1 Fundamental of Sound Sound is considered as a physical disturbance in a medium. The sound is actually pressure waves in the air which cause our eardrums to vibrate. For sound to be propagated from one place to another, a medium is required that has elasticity and inertia. By virtue of elastic and inertial forces acting on the air particles, sound is transmitted through the air. Particles vibrate in circular motion as in water waves, in transverse wave motion as in stretched strings and in longitudinal waves as in sound waves. All three forms of particle vibration are simple harmonic…
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