Computer Fundamental

Aug

03

2019

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1.2 Characteristics of Computer

Computer Fundamental

Computers have distinguishing characters which make them ideal machines. But they do not certain have characters which human possess. Some of the important characteristics of computers are: i] Automatics: ► Computers are automatic machines which once started a job; carry it on until it is completed provided they are given the required instructions by the users. ii] Speed: ► The computers are capable of taking logical decisions, performing arithmetic and non-arithmetic operations on alphabets and copying at an unbelievable speed. ► The units of speed for a computer are in milliseconds (10-3) or even in nano and…

Aug

03

2019

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1.1 Digital and Analog Computers

Computer Fundamental

1. A Digital Computer uses distinct valuesto represent the data internally. All information are represented using the digits 0's and 1's. The computers that we use at our homes and offices are digital computers. Digital signal represent particular state that is: 0 (low) or 1(high), yes or No, On or OFF, TRUE OR FALSE. These systems store and process the data in digital form (strings of 0's and 1's). They are capable of processing analog signals but the analog signals have to be converted into digital signals using an ADC before feeding into the digital computers. 2. Analog Computer…

Mar

13

2016

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The Basic Components of a Digital Computer

Computer Fundamental

Input Devices: These are the devices using which the user provides input instances. In a programmable computer, input devices are also used to input programs. Examples: Keyboard, mouse. Output Devices: These devices notify the user about the output of a computation. Example: screen, printer, speaker. Processing Unit: The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the computing device and performs the basic processing steps. A CPU typically consists of: An arithmetic and logical unit (ALU): This provides the basic operational units of the CPU. It is made up of units (like adders, multipliers) that perform arithmetic operations on integers…

Mar

13

2016

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Block Diagram of Computer

Computer Fundamental

A computer can process data, pictures, sound and graphics, They can solve highly complicated problems quickly and accurately. A computer as shown in Fig. performs basically five major computer operations or functions irrespective of their size and make. These are 1] It accepts data or instructions by way of input. 2] It stores data. 3] It can process data as required by the user. 4] It gives results 5] It controls all operations inside a computer. 1. Input: This is the process of entering data and programs in to the computer system. You should know that computer is an electronic…

Mar

13

2016

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Networking

Computer Fundamental

What is Internet? The internet is essentially a global network of computing resources. You can think about the internet as a physical collection of routers and circuits as a set of shared resources or even as an attitude about interconnecting and intercommunication. Some common definitions given in the past include: A network of networks based on the TCP/IP communications protocol. A community of people who use and develop those networks. Internet Based Services: Some of the basic services available to Internet users are: Email: A fast, easy and inexpensive way to communicate with other Internet users around the world. Telnet:…

Dec

27

2015

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2.12 Input/Output Ports

Computer Fundamental

Input/Output ports mean the interface point through which input/output devices are connected. Modern motherboards have attached I/O ports to connect keyboard, mouse, monitor and USB devices. Similarly LAN connection and audio ports are present. There are many ports used in computer system to connect printer, keyboard, mouse, hard disk etc. and they are named according to the pin number and functions. Parallel Port: The 25 pin pink color port is known as parallel port. The parallel port is also known as LPT port. This port is used to connect printer. Since data is transferred in parallel manner through this port.…

Dec

17

2015

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2.11 Chipsets

Computer Fundamental

The real time clock is a system clock which is set and programmed inside BIOS chip. The BIOS chip helps to store the settings of the system clock and other setting. The settings are saved with the help of 3volt DC battery which is also known as CMOS battery.

Dec

17

2015

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2.10 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Computer Fundamental

CPU means processor of computer system. Processor is a chip that is placed on motherboard which helps to compute input data. A processor is made of thousands of transistors in a minute circuit. The combination of transistors makes different units and each unit performs different functions. A processor is of 2 types- one with pin of its surface and other without pin on its surface (pinless). The one with pin on its surface is pin type processor and found in Pentium I-III. While pinless processor is found in P4 computer. According to frequency speed of processor, they are classified as…

Dec

10

2015

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2.9 Motherboard

Computer Fundamental

Figure: Structure of Motherboard. Motherboard is a largest circuit board of computer which provides platform to interconnect input-output devices as well as other devices such as hard disk, CD-ROM, Processor etc. A motherboard has two major chips; north bridge and south bridge chipset. Beside these two chipset, there is another important chip known as CMOS (BIOS) chips. There is a processor socket and RAM slot with other PCI slots. The north-bridge is placed near processor socket which inter-connects RAM and processor. The south-bridge inter connects between processor and input/output devices. Depending upon types of motherboard, there are 12 pins, 20,…

Dec

10

2015

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2.8 Casing

Computer Fundamental

Figure: Casing Structure Casing is a rectangular metallic box which provides framework for various components inside it. Various components such as motherboard, hard disk, CD-ROM, SMPS etc. are inter-connected to each other and fixed to the casing. The front side (Panel) of casing has 2 switches, power and reset keys. Similarly 2 LED, one for power and other for Hard Disk. There are other ports such as USB and audio ports in most casing of today. At the backside there is a box called SMPS, which is used to supply power. Similarly there are temporary block panels for different input/output…

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1.2 Characteristics of Computer

1.1 Digital and Analog Computers

The Basic Components of a Digital Computer

Block Diagram of Computer

Networking

2.12 Input/Output Ports

2.11 Chipsets

2.10 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

2.9 Motherboard

2.8 Casing

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