{"id":108,"date":"2015-12-01T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-12-01T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/2015\/12\/01\/09-avogadros-hypothesis\/"},"modified":"2024-11-03T22:07:53","modified_gmt":"2024-11-03T16:22:53","slug":"09-avogadros-hypothesis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/?p=108","title":{"rendered":"09 Avogadro’s Hypothesis"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
In 1811 Amadeo Avogadro proposed his hypothesis. According to his hypothesis under the similar condition of temperature and pressure equal volume of all gases contain the same number of molecules.<\/div>\n

Application of Avogadro’s Hypothesis:-<\/b><\/i>
\ni] To establish the relation between molecular weight and vapour density or,\u00a0<\/b><\/i>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prove that: Molecular Weight = 2 \u00d7 Vapour Density\u00a0<\/b><\/i>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Mol. Wt. = 2 \u00d7 V.D.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Vapour density is the ratio of weight of certain volume of a gas to the weight of same volume of hydrogen under the similar condition of temperature and pressure.<\/div>\n
<\/a><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ii] Elementary Gases are diatomic gases<\/b><\/i>
\na] Hydrogen is a diatomic gas.<\/b><\/i>
\n<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/div>\n


\n
\n
\n<\/p>\n

Applying Avogadro’s Hypothesis
\nn molecules\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 n molecules\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2n molecules
\n1 molecule \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 molecule\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 molecules
\n1\/2 molecule\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 1\/2 molecule\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 molecule<\/p>\n

Hydrochloric Acid reacts with base to give only one type of salt. So one molecule of HCl contains only one atom of hydrogen which comes from 1\/2 molecule of hydrogen.<\/div>\n

Thus,
\n1\/2 molecule of hydrogen = 1 atom of hydrogen
\n1 molecule of hydrogen = 2 atoms of hydrogen
\nHence, Hydrogen is a diatomic gas.<\/p>\n

b] Chlorine is a diatomic gas.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Applying Avogadro’s Hypothesis
\nn molecules\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 n molecules\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2n molecules
\n1 molecule \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 molecule\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 molecules
\n1\/2 molecule\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 1\/2 molecule\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 molecule<\/p>\n

Experimentally it has been found that molecular weight of HCl is 36.5 and it contains one atom of hydrogen. So weight of chlorine in a molecule of hydrogen chloride is 35.5. This weight is atomic weight of chlorine. So one molecule of HCl contains one atom of Chlorine which from 1\/2 molecule of Chlorine.<\/div>\n

Hence,
\n1\/2 molecule of Chlorine = 1 atom of Chlorine
\n1 molecule of Chlorine = 2 atoms of Chlorine
\nThus, Chlorine is a diatomic gas.<\/p>\n

c] Nitrogen is a diatomic gas.<\/b><\/i>
\n<\/a>\u00a0<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Applying Avogadro’s Hypothesis
\nn molecules\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 n molecules\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2n molecules
\n1 molecule \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 molecule\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 molecules
\n1\/2 molecule\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 1\/2 molecule\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 molecule<\/p>\n

Experimentally it has found that molecular weight of Nitric Oxide is 30, and it contains one atom of oxygen. So weight of nitrogen in a molecule of nitric oxide is 14. This weight is atomic weight of nitrogen. So one molecule of nitric oxide contains one atom of nitrogen which comes from 1\/2 molecule of nitrogen.<\/div>\n

Hence,
\n1\/2 molecule of nitrogen = 1 atom of nitrogen
\n1 molecule of nitrogen = 2 atoms of nitrogen
\nThus, Nitrogen is a diatomic gas.<\/p>\n

d]<\/b><\/i> Oxygen is a diatomic gas:<\/b><\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Applying Avogadro’s Hypothesis
\nn molecules\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 n molecules\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2n molecules
\n1 molecule \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 molecule\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 molecules
\n1\/2 molecule\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 1\/2 molecule\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 molecule<\/p>\n

Experimentally it has found that molecular weight of Nitric Oxide is 30 and it contains one atom of nitrogen. So weight of oxygen in a molecule of nitric acid is 16. This weight is atomic weight of oxygen. So one molecule of nitric oxide contains one atom of oxygen, which comes from 1\/2 molecule of oxygen.<\/div>\n

Hence,
\n1\/2 molecule of oxygen = 1 atom of oxygen
\n1 molecule of oxygen\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0 2 atoms of oxygen
\nThus, oxygen is a diatomic gas.<\/p>\n

iii] Molar Volume of each gas at STP is 22.4 litre<\/b><\/i>
\nAccording <\/b><\/i>to application of Avogadro’s hypothesis
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/i>Molecular Weight = 2 \u00d7 Vapour Density
\nor,<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In 1811 Amadeo Avogadro proposed his hypothesis. According to his hypothesis under the similar condition of temperature and pressure equal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[110],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chemistry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=108"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":687,"href":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108\/revisions\/687"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rijankc.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}